Learning Team Objective Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Objective Essay During weeks four and five, we took in about techniques an organization can have an image of their general monetary rankings. A couple of the subjects managed incorporate utilizing a report of incomes to watch the coming in and leaving money, surveying financial reports, the best approach to report the issuance of the different sorts of stock and profit installments, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act impact. A report of incomes demonstrates the receipt and installment of money for the association. The immediate strategy is wanted by the FASB, despite the fact that the two different ways are satisfactory, and shows money receipts and installments in activities while the roundabout technique changes total compensation which doesn't impact money. To get started with a report of incomes, the association must change its total compensation from an accumulation premise to a money premise. At last, an association may choose their free income to discover the measure of cash is staying after alterations for capital costs and profits have been finished. The 3 strategies for appraisal are the flat, vertical, and proportion investigation. Flat surveys the monetary report information during a timeframe. This chooses the expansion or decrease which has happened. Vertical examination reports each thing like a percent of base whole. This chooses what measure of the all out resources are existing resources or what measure of the net deals are selling consumptions. Proportion examination reports the association among the picked things of the reports. This chooses liquidity of benefits, benefits of the association, and the dissolvability proportion illuminates if the association is probably going to make due over a long timespan. Financial specialists can utilize the income report to see whether the association has satisfactory money to expand activities and deliver profits. The association may utilize the data in the income report to survey the adequacy of tasks. Income from subsidizing exercises shows any changes in the red, advances, or profits. Giving stock or rising long haul obtaining is really a money inflow. Delivering profits or diminishing risk is a money surge. Also, income from working exercises ascertains the adjustments in incomes from activities requiring a figuring of the changes in account adjusts to be decided sheet between bookkeeping stretches. Situations may happen which bring about dishonest bookkeeping schedules in view of ailing in the monetary controls set down and followed by higher organization individuals. Each of the six of these strategies require to be set up as well as they should be embraced and upheld also by method of appraisal and development. In the event that even one of the controls isnt set up all things considered the open door may get open for unscrupulous lead. For example, in the event that you dont determine obligation by simply having one individual responsible all things considered it brings about an absence of responsibility if something is inaccurate. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was placed into activity in 2002 because of extraordinary number of exploitative and deceitful situations having large amounts of organizations. This Act says that all freely worked associations ought to have noted inner monetary controls in the association. Associations must present an appraisal of the adequacy and estimation of their inward controls with their decision of year financial bundle. Ordinary outside reviews are completed to ensure consistence by the organizations with this Act. On the off chance that infringement are found whenever, punishments and fines may be established upon higher organization level individuals to incorporate detainment. To finish up, over weeks 4 and 5 we have taken in about the methods of making income reports, the best approach to apply the 3 unique proportions when choosing how pleasantly or lousy the association is performing financially, the best approach to report diary passages of the issuance of stock and normal stock and the best approach to declare and enter installments from profits, and ultimately the best approach to remain moral in bookkeeping and be in similarity with SOX.

Project Management Integration Framework Free Essays

Money related hazard the executives can be characterized as the complete sourcing of commonsense direction on showcase the board and credit chance. It very well may be partitioned into two sections, which are, the full scale and the small scale hazard the executives. There are various contrasts between the two hazard the board draws near. We will compose a custom paper test on Undertaking Management Integration Framework or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now For instance, in full scale chance administration, there is use of innovation to ease money related dangers or misfortunes. This methodology should be possible by concentrating on the hazard the executives of a firm †a methodology which is unquestionable yet takes a great deal of time. The significant instrument utilized in this endeavor is the utilization of ‘stress test’ upon portfolios which breaks down the joint power of the more extensive arrangement of dangers in important manners. This procedure gives more data about the hazard and gives a chance to persevering investigation (Dash, 2004). Despite the fact that the hazard for the most part has been informed to the administration, the all out hazard that is inbuilt into the framework isn't disposed of. The focus on the money related framework in this manner changes the hazard profile in the business. The hazard profile gets erratic and would thus be able to cause genuine impacts in the business economy. Then again, while executing full scale chance administration, one requires moving from the idea that the dependability of a framework is a result of the exactness of individual segments. Present day chance directors in this way center around the advancement of the devices to assess the chance of credit bargains which may bring about the breakdown of the firm. The transmission of dangers inside a firm may accordingly bring about misery with its partners. Through this system, the hazard administrators can investigate how negative monetary stuns, for example, capital outpourings, can contrarily amplify a sector’s chance. This methodology encourages them to structure and lighten the hazard by changing the boss monetary overflow in order to mitigate the stuns. Administrators hence have the chance to review their approaches. To avoid potential risk on full scale chance administration, the administration ought to in this manner include the staff who are constantly associated with the testing of the coherence plans and who know about the plans. Also, this procedure causes directors to look at other firms’ techniques which have been demonstrated effective. Directors will likewise examine others’ strategies which they can effectively adjust into their conditions. On the other hand, in miniaturized scale chance administration, one beginnings by giving a general foundation of monetary hazard the executives which outlines how the hazard emerged in the firm. This data investigates the key ideas utilized in past hazard the executives and gives an approach to check its return. One accordingly finds the fundamental ideas utilized in chance administration and would thus be able to express them through notable money related fiascos of the past. One can likewise devise approaches to keep away from the dangers. This strategy permits chiefs the chance to devise the strategies to be utilized to deal with the market hazard and how to advance it, spot it, and different instruments of distinguishing the hazard. This gives a nitty gritty examination of the models utilized in evaluating the dangers and how each model can be utilized to decide and control hazard. After this, the budgetary hazard the executives will gather together the investigation and the exercises on the hazard the board portfolio which gives a firm an away from of the hazard and its administration. Through this, one can computerize reviews and vulnerable administration all through the running of the firm. Therefore, the gathered mechanizes got to are then used to control all benefits in the firm followed by their testing to distinguish the most defenseless dangers which may return in the firm. This movement gives the best method to distinguish and control a small scale hazard at its underlying appearance. Reference Dash, J. W. (2004). Quantitative money and hazard the board: A physicist’s approach. Toh Tuck Link, Singapore: World Scientific. Step by step instructions to refer to Project Management Integration Framework, Essays Venture Management Integration Framework Free Essays There are three fundamental parts that must be satisfied by a task for it to be really effective; it must be finished inside the set financial plan, plan and convey the normal result and quality. In the event that one of these segments isn't met, regardless of whether the task is finished, at that point the venture can't be supposed to be effective. Venture disappointment is normal and may result from different reasons; one of these reasons is that, the undertaking may really be inconceivable. We will compose a custom paper test on Undertaking Management Integration Framework or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Take for instance the disappointment of the Apollo program, which was American spaceship that handled the main man in moon. This undertaking ran well from the year 1969 up to 1975. Apollo 13 disappointment of oxygen tank and the Apollo 204 disaster, which prompted loss of lives shows that the crucial never again be sheltered as arranged. Besides, the destinations of the task were difficult to be accomplished since the fundamental objective was to see whether individuals could get by in the moon and live easily or even in some other planet separated from earth. Awkward administration is another basic explanation that may prompt undertaking disappointment. A genuine model is the vanishing distribution center undertaking for a Software organization in the country. The stockroom varnished from the physical view as well as in attentive gazes of a retailer who was notable in the arrangement of computerized dispersion. Programming glitch by one way or another had deleted the presence of the distribution center and consequently merchandise bound to that stockroom were redirected to different courses where as the products in that stockroom for a specific time grieved. Workers at that missing stockroom stayed silent in that time since they were getting their compensation. As the product glitch was seen, the distribution center was then auctions off and the senior administration mentioned the representatives to hush up on the scene. This prompted the disappointment of that product venture. At last over-obliged is another explanation that prompts their disappointment. Football clubs are genuine models. Wenger, the Arsenal club trough had an arrangement to make the club to keep performing great and win all the trophies. This proceeded for quite a while however fizzled. This football club follows its disappointment at that period due to over-compels in the administration just as in the players. This club from that point forward has not had the option to win trophies regardless of its consistent sparkles in the regular years prior. The most effective method to refer to Project Management Integration Framework, Essays

Fake Cocaine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Fake Cocaine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Print What to Know About Fake Cocaine Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 30, 2019 Douglas Sacha / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Fake Cocaine Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths and Common Questions Dependence and Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Fake cocaine or bath salts is a designer drug that may contain substances such as methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and is avaliable online as a chemical. Users typically snort the powder to get high. As a result, it has been nicknamed fake cocaine. In 2012, Congress passed the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act which permanently placed 26 types of synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones  into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).?? Also Known As: Some of the bath salts products that are used as fake cocaine are called Ivory Wave, Bliss, Blue Silk, Charge Plus, White Lightning (not to be confused with moonshine), Cloud 9, and Energy 1. There are a number of other product names, and they continually change. Most often, however, these products are marketed as bath salts. In attempts to thwart the law, theyve also been labeled as plant food, glass cleaner, and research chemicals. Drug Class: Fake cocaine is classified as a stimulant, which means that it causes increased activity in the body, often leading to feelings of increased energy and alertness. Common Side Effects: Some of the side effects of bath salts include chest pain, rapid pulse, high blood pressure, hallucinations, and paranoia.?? How to Recognize Fake Cocaine Synthetic cathinone usually appears as a white or light tan powder. It is sold in 500-milligram bottles or plastic bags labeled bath salts. The packages may also include labels like for novelty use only or not for human consumption. What Does Fake Cocaine Do? The active ingredient in bath salts products is the designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Its structurally related to cathinone, an active alkaloid found in the khat plant. It is a central nervous system stimulant. MDPV is a class of drug known as a synthetic cathinone, variants of which have been used as ingredients in various bath salts products. Synthetic variants of cathinone can be much more potent than the natural khat product and sometimes very dangerous.?? MDPV is also similar to pyrovalerone, a stimulant first synthesized in 1964. Sold under the trade names Centroton and Thymergix, pyrovalerone is used as an appetite suppressant or for the treatment of chronic fatigue.?? Like other uppers, fake cocaine causes people to experience feelings of euphoria and alertness. Health officials have noted that users of the drug report feelings of empathy, stimulation, alertness, and awareness of senses. The effects are likened to those of methamphetamine, MDMA, and cocaine.?? Fake cocaine can also lead to feelings of anxiety and agitation. Aggression and suicidal thoughts can also occur. The Different Effects of a Cocaine High on Your Body What the Experts Say Research on fake cocaine remains limited. One problem is that the ingredients and formulations used to make these synthetic drugs are not consistent, however, fake cocaine is highly addictive, with effects similar to cocaine and amphetamines.  ?? More research is needed to examine the extent and consequences of fake cocaine use. Off-Label Uses MDPV is not approved for medical use in the United States. MDPV is the most common synthetic cathinone found in the systems of patients admitted to emergency rooms after taking bath salts. How It's Taken Users typically snort the white powder to get high, but it can also be smoked or taken orally. Typically, synthetic cathinone loses its potency when mixed with a solution, so its not commonly injected. However, more recent DEA reports do include this method. Common Side Effects According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, bath salts have been known to cause:?? Excessively rapid heart rateHigh blood pressureChest painKidney failureDehydrationBreakdown of muscle tissue In addition, there are reports of death due to the abuse of this class of drugs.?? Psychological Effects MDPV has been in circulation since at least 2007 in Germany.?? According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, some of the reported psychological effects of MDPV and other synthetic cathinones include:?? Paranoia  HallucinationsIncreased sociabilityIncreased sex drivePanic attacksExcited delirium Signs of Use The use of fake cocaine can lead to erratic and unpredictable behavior. Many of the signs that someone is using fake cocaine are similar to cocaine itself. Some of the common signs of use include:?? Changes in moodDilated pupilsRestlessnessHallucinationsAnger or agitationDelusionsParanoiaViolent behaviorPresence of drug paraphernaliaNeglecting responsibilities at home, school, or workFinancial problems Due to the inconsistencies in the formulation, the effects of bath salts can be unpredictable, which increases the risk of accidental overdose. There is no way for people to determine the dose and purity of the substance, so the use of any amount has the potential for overdose. Signs of overdose include seizures, heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, psychosis including paranoia and hallucinations, and severe agitation.?? If you suspect that someone has overdosed on fake cocaine, bath salts, or some other substance, contact emergency services immediately. Myths and Common Questions One of the most common myths about fake cocaine and bath salts is that these substances lead to a zombie-like state in which people become homicidal. One 2012 attack in Miami was widely reported and linked to the use of bath salts. However, the ultimate cause of the attackers behavior remains unknown. While these substances may be anecdotally linked to violent behavior, not enough is yet know about their precise effects to suggest that the use of fake cocaine results in homicidal behavior. Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Fake cocaine can result in tolerance and dependence. Tolerance is characterized by needing increasingly larger or more frequent amounts of a substance in order to achieve the same effects. Dependence refers to the need to keep taking the drug in order to avoid experiencing symptoms of withdrawal. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, users report that taking the drugs trigger an overwhelming desire to use the drugs again.?? How Long Does Fake Cocaine Stay In Your System? Fake cocaine acts quickly with peak effects occurring about 10 to 15 minutes. The effects last about half an hour. ?? The exact half-life of these synthetic drugs have not been determined and may depend upon the ingredients, formulation, the amount used, and method of administration. How Long Drugs Can Be Detected in Your System Addiction The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that synthetic cathinones can be addictive. Animal studies have revealed that subjects will self-administer these substances, and human users report intense urges to continue taking the drug.?? One 2013 study published in the journal Neuropharmacology found that MDPV, one of the key ingredients found in fake cocaine, was highly addictive in rats. The study indicated that it may be more addictive than methamphetamine. Withdrawal Because these substances are so addictive and withdrawal can have potentially dangerous effects, detox should be performed with the assistance of trained professionals. The severity of withdrawal symptoms can vary and may include:?? depressionanxietytremorsproblems sleepingparanoia How to Get Help Dependence on fake cocaine can be treated successfully with a comprehensive approach. This can include inpatient or outpatient programs, many of which emphasize behavioral treatments to address various aspects of the patients behavior and life. Treatments often utilize cognitive-behavioral therapy that can be performed in individual sessions, through group therapy, or both.?? Other types of support can also be helpful including peer mentoring and support groups. There are no currently approved medications to treat addictions to addiction to fake cocaine or bath salts. Other medications, such as antidepressants, may be used to treat symptoms of co-occurring anxiety and depression. If you feel like you need assistance, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Helpline at 800-662-4357 or use their online treatment locator. Overcoming Addiction: How to Get It Under Control for Good

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Cell Biology

Cell Biology

Purdue Owl Free Essays

Engagement Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (http://owl. english. purdue. We will write a custom essay sample on Purdue Owl or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Four Main Components for Effective Outlines Ideally, you should follow these four suggestions to create an effective outline. The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout. Parallelism – How do I accomplish this? Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example: 1. Choose Desired Colleges 2. Prepare Application (â€Å"Choose† and â€Å"Prepare† are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline) Coordination – How do I accomplish this? All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings). Example: 1. Visit and evaluate college campuses 2. Visit and evaluate college websites 1. Note important statistics 2. Look for interesting classes (Campus and websites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 1/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college websites are parts of the process involved in carrying out the main heading topics. ) Subordination – How do I accomplish this? The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. Example: 1. Describe an influential person in your life 1. Favorite high school teacher 2. Grandparent (A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life. ) Division – How do I accomplish this? Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts. Example: 1. Compile resume 1. List relevant coursework 2. List work experience 3. List volunteer experience (The heading â€Å"Compile resume† is divided into 3 parts. ) Technically, there is no limit to the number of subdivisions for your headings; however, if you seem to have a lot, it may be useful to see if some of the parts can be combined. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Why and How to Create a Useful Outline Why create an outline? There are many reasons; but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. For research papers, an outline may help you keep track of large amounts of information. For creative writing, an outline may help organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of a crowd. Below are the primary reasons for creating an outline. Aids in the process of writing owl. english. purdue. du/owl/owlprint/544/ 2/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement Helps you organize your ideas Presents your material in a logical form Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing Constructs an ordered overview of your writing Defines boundaries and groups How do I create an outline? Determine the purpose of your paper. Determine the audience you are writing for. Develop the the sis of your paper. Then: Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper. Organize: Group related ideas together. Order: Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete. Label: Create main and sub headings. Remember: creating an outline before writing your paper will make organizing your thoughts a lot easier. Whether you follow the suggested guidelines is up to you, but making any kind of outline (even just some jotting down some main ideas) will be beneficial to your writing process. Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee. Summary: This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing. Types of Outlines and Samples Alphanumeric Outlines This is the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people. The formatting follows these characters, in this order: Roman Numerals Capitalized Letters Arabic Numerals Lowercase Letters If the outline needs to subdivide beyond these divisions, use Arabic numerals inside parentheses and then lowercase letters inside parentheses. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. The sample PDF in the Media Box above is an example of an outline that a student might create owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 3/4 29/10/2010 Purdue OWL Engagement efore writing an essay. In order to organize her thoughts and make sure that she has not forgotten any key points that she wants to address, she creates the outline as a framework for her essay. What is the assignment? Your instructor asks the class to write an expository (explanatory) essay on the typical steps a high school student would follow in ord er to apply to college. What is the purpose of this essay? To explain the process for applying to college Who is the intended audience for this essay? High school students intending to apply to college and their parents What is the essay’s thesis statement? When applying to college, a student follows a certain process which includes choosing the right schools and preparing the application materials. Full Sentence Outlines The full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the Alphanumeric outline. The main difference (as the title suggests) is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline. This outline is most often used when preparing a traditional essay. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. Decimal Outlines The decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline relates to the larger whole. Select the â€Å"Sample Outlines† PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline. Copyright  ©1995-2010 by The Writing Lab ; The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Please report any technical problems you encounter. owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/owlprint/544/ 4/4 How to cite Purdue Owl, Papers

Space Station Essay Research Paper The International free essay sample

Space Station Essay, Research Paper The International Space Station will be the size of a metropolis block and one of the brightest objects in the sky. The work and disbursal will be shared by 16 states ; it will be unsafe and expensive. This is the largest peacetime technology undertaking in history. The international infinite station will revolve the Earth every 90 proceedingss. Its lasting population will be six or seven at a clip. It will hold solar wings and radiators crossing 356 pess and a breadth will be 262 pess. The station will hold a mass of 1,005,021 lbs. The centre will be a aggregation of motor place size labs, populating quarters, and supply case shots. This will be put together in infinite like a elephantine Lego set. It will take 45 separate infinite launches and over at least six years.The foremost piece to be launched will be the Functional Cargo Block. It is a 20-ton multipurpose power and propulsion works that will acquire the station assembly stated. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Station Essay Research Paper The International or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will hold a brace of solar panels that will blossom in orbit to supply electrical power, as you can see in figure 1. Figure 1 The 2nd piece is called NODE 1 it serves as a passageway between Russian and U.S. elements. As you can see in figure 2 it has six ports one on each terminal and 4 around the sides, one terminal will be docked with the Functional Cargo Block and the staying ports will finally acquire docked, every bit shortly as the station grows more faculties will be attached. The NODE 1 will keep the long solar arrays and radiators. It will besides hold an U.S. scientific discipline lab and a habitation faculty where the spacemans can eat and kip. There will be a 2nd node, which will be brought to the station as it grows. Figure 2 The 3rd station component ( figure 3 ) will be sent up is the Service Module. It will dock on the opposite side of the Functional Cargo Block its moorage will be done automatically by distant control. It will transport the environmental contr ols and life support system for the full station. It will besides hold the primary moorage port for the Russians ballistic capsule and the fuel and projectiles for the attitude control and station reboost. Without the Stationss reboost syst em the station would reenter the Earth s atmosphere and fire up. Figure 3 Since the full station is being put together in infinite, even if all the pieces fit together absolutely it will still be vary hazardous since the infinite station will be on its orbit while it is being built one piece at a clip. Each piece added could alter the manner the station handles in its orbit. There are besides computing machine jobs that could do jobs. The computing machine constituents come from all over the universe and must work together swimmingly. Since the whole station is ran from computing machines the spacemans won t even be able to turn on the visible radiations without the aid from a computing machine. The completed station should look like figure 4. Figure 4 To construct the infinite station particular tools are needed. Some of them are a Body Restraint Tether this will attach to the infinite suit and can transport replacing parts every bit heavy as 75 lbs while the mixture moves to from worksheet to shuttle. A Pistol Grip Drill, which has a 3/8 inch th rust and 25 foot-pounds of torsion at 5 to 60 revolutions per minute, it has a programmable computing machine with preset torsion and revolutions per minute velocities. A Round Scoop the scoop enables spacemans to keep objects without grips. The scoop locks onto specific conic adjustments already on an object ; these adjustments will besides let the robotic arm to hold on them. The Ratchet Wrench is a 3/8 inch rachet twist handles objects necessitating few bends and is a backup to the battery tools. This twist can manage up to 120 foot-pounds of torsion. A few 100 gallons of H2O are carried up to the station by a bird. But the H2O up at that place will rapidly acquire soiled, but in infinite it has to be reused and recycled every bit efficiency as possible. The waste H2O composing will be shower H2O, unwritten hygiene, urine distillation, moisture shaving and human sweat. The H2O is sent through many systems of purification and a high temperature processor that will take bacteriums, populating viruses and Fungis. Than the H2O is returned to the pat a few hours subsequently, as ultrapure H2O that is cleaner than some U.S metropolis s H2O. The purification system should look similar to calculate 5. Figure 5

Untitled Essay Research Paper Policies and Procedure free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 1 of 14 Section 1.1: Forms Analysis and Design Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by Approved by:1.1 FORMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 1.1.1 WHAT IS A FORM? A signifier is fundamentally a fixed agreement of captioned infinites designed for come ining and obtaining pre-described information. A signifier is considered effectual if it is: ? easy to finish ? easy to utilize ? easy to hive away ? easy to recover information rapidly ? easy to dispose1.1.2 HOW IS IT IMPORTANT? In a concern, signifiers and design are greatly needed to let the company to better form the manner they want their concern to run swimmingly and expeditiously. Although the presence of signifiers and design in a company ensures that the company will run better, be able to do better determinations and be able to organize activities more easy, these signifiers and design plans must be covered in the companies budget, in footings of costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Untitled Essay Research Paper Policies and Procedure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company will hold to do certain that its signifiers and designs are a alone criterion throughout the company and non different in separate subdivisions of the companies entire make-up. If, by opportunity the presence of a cosmopolitan signifier in a certain subdivision of the company is a disadvantage instead than an advantage, the signifiers and policies of other companies may be looked at in order to rectify the job. When making a signifier, companies may utilize the same standard techniques before doing alterations to do the signifier right for its company. Some basic techniques are doing certain that the signifier is easy to make full in, takes minimum clip to stand-in, it has a functional layout and it contains an attractive ocular visual aspect. After utilizing the basic criterions of signifier design, the signifiers analysists # 8217 ; , pass infinite hours doing the design a unique criterion for their company, while sing every subdivision of the company, so that the signifier will be utile to every member of the company.Policies and Procedure Guidlines Page 2 of 14 Section 1.2: Tools and Aids For Forms and Design Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: 1.2 TOOLS AND AIDS FOR FORMS DESIGNING Many companies use the same basic tools to plan their signifiers. In the yesteryear when signifiers were designed, many # 8220 ; traditional tools # 8221 ; were used to plan signifiers. Some of those tools include the following: ? pencils, erasers ? swayers, trigons ? following paper ? inscription and symbol templets ? film editing tools ? dissembling tape and cellophane tape ? rectification fluid ? rubber cement Now, because of new engineering and easier ways to plan signifiers, most of these tools are disused. New computing machine hardware and package have provided many tools and accoutrements which have allowed companies to develop employees to plan signifiers utilizing these advanced tools. Software bundles such as Corel Draw, Microsoft Office, which includes Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint along with WordPerfect, PowerBuilder, Visual Basic and many other package bundles hold made undertakings easier to finish. Their astonishing accurate and precise design tools provide # 8220 ; picture-perfect # 8221 ; quality. 1.2.1 Computer Hardware and Software ? Pentium Computers Today most interior decorators use computing machines particularly Pentium computing machines because of their velocity and public presentation. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 3 of 14 Section 1.2: Tools and Aids For Forms and Design Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: ? Corel Draw There are several different package bundles that can be used to plan the signifiers. Many companies recommend Corel Draw. It is an first-class pick to utilize for planing the signifier as you would desire it on paper. There are first-class designing tools included in the Corel Package which allows you to pull lines of any size, colour or form. It besides allows you to insert grids, artworks, graphs or images with different boundary line manners and sizes. ? Microsoft Word After planing the physical visual aspect of the signifier with manner and boundary lines, Microsoft Word will be used to make full in the signifier # 8217 ; s information because of the assorted founts that are available. Besides, Microsoft Word # 8217 ; s ability to alter font size, and either, bold, underline or italicise diction, will be really utile in the creative activity of the text that will look in the signifier. ? Microsoft Excel This subdivision of Microsoft Office can be used by the interior decorators to plan grids and graphs that might be needed to stand for informations in the signifier. Grids and tabular arraies may be inserted into the signifier to keep informations that the applier may necessitate to make full. Different types of graphs such as pie charts, line graphs, column graphs and combination graphs may be needed to represent a inquiry in the signifier. For illustration, the applier may necessitate to fill in what per centum he/she belongs to as compared to the remainder of the field represented by the graph. ? Microsoft Access This subdivision of Microsoft Office can be used to design databases. The interior decorators may privation to include antecedently designed tabular arraies or make new tabular arraies to infix into signifiers. They may besides desire to merely include parts of tabular arraies in which they can make questions so that the tabular arraies they insert includes merely the information that they specified. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 4 of 14 Section 1.2: Tools and Aids For Forms and Design Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: ? Printers An Epson III Laser Jet Color Printer can be used to publish the signifiers. The optical maser quality will supply the chip and clear texture of lines and text, along with bright colourss to do the signifier more attractive and visually appealing. Although any optical maser pressman, will supply first-class quality, the colour optical maser jets pressmans makes the signifiers more attractive because of how the different colourss distinguish between the different subdivisions of the form. ? Salvaging Forms All the signifiers will that are designed by the company should be backed up on the difficult thrust of the computing machines. The signifiers will be saved whether they were used or non, in instance of alterations in the signifier # 8217 ; s design or in instance the company wants to better on a antecedently designed signifier. The signifiers will besides be saved on floppy discs, merely in instance of viruses, malfunctions in the computing machine or difficult thrust upgrading and data format. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 5 of 14 Section 1.3: Design Procedures Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: 1.3 Design PROCEDURES The two major aims of this procedure is: 1 ) roll uping information, which is its ground for being 2 ) easing a format for the signifier, which is standard. 1.3.1 Facilitative Area The signifiers are a really of import facet of a company because they provide the information of each employee that the employers wish to cognize. Since most companies use a standardised format, each company must incorporate its rubric and place the type of signifier that the applier is make fulling out. It is besides utile to include the name of the section, day of the month, codifications and instructions that may be necessary to finish the signifier. ? Designation The rubric of the signifier will be placed at the top centre of the signifier and in any instance where the signifier contains more than one bill, it should include captions to separate it from the remainder of the signifiers. If the signifiers will be filed, it will be helpful to put the rubric in the # 8220 ; seeable country # 8221 ; of the signifier, which would be the country visible on the signifier when it is in a filing cabinet or some other type of filing. ? Form Numbers The signifiers will besides include signifier Numberss which will be placed in either of the lower corners on each page of the signifier. This will forestall the signifier Numberss from being covered by basics and it won # 8217 ; t interfere with the working country of the signifier. It will besides function as an assistance in carrying the signifiers in little measures. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 6 of 14 Section 1.3: Design Procedures Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: ? Page Numbers It is besides really of import to guarantee that all the pages of the signifier contain page Numberss for assorted grounds. This will be helpful in placing what page of the signifier it is and assist do it easier to screen out signifiers, particularly if they contain more than one page. The page Numberss should be placed in the upper right manus corner of the page so that when the signifier is opened the figure of the page will be easier to see when the pages are stapled in the upper left corner. ( Antique: Page 1 of ** ) ? Edition Date The company should guarantee that all the signifiers contain edition day of the months which show when the signifier was made. The signifier should besides demo how long they will be valid before they need to be updated once more. The edition day of the months will be included with form Numberss. ? Supersession Notice This is merely a method of advising users and workers in the supply room so that they will cognize when a new signifier has been created has replaced the older version of the signifier. It is besides used when a newer version of the old signifier has been revised. This notice is normally printed in the underside border of the signifier. It should allow the user cognize if the signifier has been replaced and what the figure of the new signifier is. If more than one signifier is used to replace a individual signifier, so a separate notice should would be more appropriate to inform effectual forces of the alteration. ? Termination Dates and Approval of Forms If a signifier is to be used for merely a limited of clip, so it should incorporate termination day of the months and bound day of the months. These will allow the users no when and how long the signifier will be valid and when they should acquire another 1. Because many signifiers have to be approved by a company foremost before they are distributed to users, they must let room for the company to province its blessing figure, signature or symbol, along with the day of the month that the signifier was approved. Policie s and Procedure Guidelines Page 7 of 14 Section 1.3: Design Procedures Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: ? Emblems and Symbols After the signifiers are approved by the company, the interior decorators must infix the company # 8217 ; s emblem or logo on the signifier. This will formalize the signifier as belongings of that company and act kind of like a patent so that it won # 8217 ; t be used by any other companies. ? Remarks and Suggestions In order to hold room for betterment on the signifiers, there should be adequate infinite for any remarks or suggestions that the authorizing section wants to go forth when O.K.ing the signifier. The signifier will hold to be approved by the section before the companies logo or seal can be placed on the signifier. and it will hold to incorporate the companies logo before the signifier will be valid.Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 8 of 14 Section 1.4: Instruction manuals Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: 1.4 INSTRUCTIONS 1.4.1 General Instructions To guarantee that the signifiers are easy to make full out, each signifier will incorporate instructions for finishing the signifier and what to make with the signifiers after finishing them. The instructions should be brief. The instructions that are located under the rubric of the signifier will be basic, general instructions that tell the applicant what to make with the signifier, why they are make fulling it out and who they should give it to when they are finished. This should be read by the user before finishing the signifier. 1.4.2 Drawn-out Instruction manuals In any instance where the signifier is drawn-out and requires a batch of idea to make full it out, an direction brochure should be included with the signifier. These instructions are more drawn-out but explain more about make fulling out the signifier. They should seek to reply any inquiries that the applier may hold about his/her picks while finishing the signifier. These instructions will explicate clearly how to make full out the signifier, including what is compulsory to make full in and what subdivisions are optional. These instructions should be kind of like a written process that explains the signifier in a kind of sum-up. The font size of the diction should be carefully designed to do certain that the words are large plenty and the lines should be double spaced to do certain that the instructions are clear plenty to read and understand. An acceptable reading fount size is around 12pt or 14 pt size. Times New Roman, Arial or Courier are standard true type founts that are clear and easy to read. 1.4.3 Section Instruction manuals There will besides be instructions included in each subdivision. These instructions will explicate clearly how to make full out each the subdivision of the signifier. It will contain information on whether or non the subdivision needs to be filled out in order to find full completion of the signifier. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 9 of 14 Section 1.5: Addressing and Mailing Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by:1.5 ADDRESSING AND MAILING 1.5.1 Self-Routing On the underside of the last page of the signifier or on the dorsum of the last page, there will be a infinite for the reference of the employer and a infinite for the applier to make full in his/her reference, along with excess infinite in instance the signifier has to be sent to multiple paths. This will do it easier for the signifiers to be transferred to the employer and increase the capableness of ego routing mail. When turn toing to a certain employer, occupation rubrics should be used alternatively of names merely in instance alterations in sections should happen due to publicities or lay-offs. This will alter the places held by certain employees who are in control of certain sections which agencies different duties for these people. 1.5.2 E-Mailing and Faxing Companies that have email will be at an advantage. They will be able to e-mail a transcript of the signifier to the user and have them make full out the appropriate information and so email the consequences back to the employer For companies that don # 8217 ; Ts have email, facsimile machines are besides utile. They can merely facsimile the signifiers to the employees or appliers. The employees can so make full it out and so facsimile it or convey the signifier to the employer in individual. 1.5.3 Personal Mailboxs In most companies, employers and employees have their ain personal letter boxs. By including both the reference of the employee and the employer, it is easier for employees or users to reassign signifiers to the employer. In the event that the employer may be out on a concern trip, the appliers may merely drop the signifiers into the employers letter boxs to meet deadlines.Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 10 of 14 Section 1.6: Form Layout Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: 1.6 FORM LAYOUT? Sheet Size The signifiers should be designed on 8 1/2 # 8221 ; x 11 # 8221 ; carbon paper with a C sheet on the back, so that the individual make fulling out the signifier can maintain a transcript for him/herself. The subdivisions of the signifiers should be placed on both sides of the paper to save paper. The information on the signifiers should non be crammed so that some of import information could perchance go forth out or so that it would do it harder to read the inquiries due to hapless spacing or little inscription. ? Margins The signifier should hold half inch borders on all sides so that the diction won # 8217 ; t be excessively near to the terminal of the page. This allows the user or reader to keep the paper without covering any give voicing on the signifier. ? Spacing The sum of horizontal and perpendicular spacing is determined by the sum of headers and sub-headings, size and manner of text and the sum of infinite left for fill in replies. ? Box Format The signifier will follow a box format which will addition infinite because the information will travel to each terminal of the page border. It will hold exceeding horizontal and perpendicular spacing to enable easier reading. ? Boundary lines and Bolding The different subdivisions of the signifier will be divided by solid black lines. The headers and sub-headings will be bolded and larger than the inquiry text in order to better the ocular visual aspect of each subdivision of the signifier. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 11 of 14 Section 1.6: Form Layout Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: ? Shadowing Shadowing will besides be used in the subdivisions where no information is required to do it easier for the applier to cognize what subdivisions he/she needs to fill in. This would besides be used to foreground subdivisions that need to be filled in, but non by the applier. For illustration, some signifiers have subdivisions that stipulate # 8220 ; for office usage merely # 8221 ; intending that they don # 8217 ; Ts have to make full out any information in that subdivision. ? Answer Spaces There will be infinites indicated on the right side of the subdivision that will be lined aligned with one another. They will be used for make fulling in information that contain merely Numberss or a missive codification. In the instance that the replies to the inquiry requires several lines in order to reply it, there will be more than plenty infinite available to suitably reply the inquiry. Therefore the information must be clear and widely spaced so that it is really easy to make full out the signifiers. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 12 of 14 Section 1.7: Dislocation of Form Arrangements Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by: 1.7 BREAKDOWN OF FORM ARRANGEMENTS The signifier should be set up in a manner to do it easier for the appliers to make full in. The subdivisions of the signifiers will be organized so that all the related parts of the signifier are placed one after the other to avoid reading back through the signifier. The signifier will hold headers and sub-heading which define which subdivision of the signifier you are make fulling out and assist you understand what sort of information you should make full in. 1.7.1 Get downing The personal information will be placed at the foremost of the signifier. This will incorporate things such as the appliers name, reference, phone figure, and day of the month of birth. 1.7.2 Body This will incorporate the basic intent of the signifier. It will hold the inquiries that will be needed to finish the signifier, depending on what sort of signifier it is. For illustration, if it was an application for using for a occupation, the beginning would include the points mentioned above in the beginning subdivision. The organic structure, would incorporate, old instruction, old employment, the place you wish to use for and your mentions. 1.7.3 Ending This subdivision of the signifier will hold infinites to fill in the reference of the individual you wish to direct it to, along with your ain reference. It will hold several infinites in instance you wish to direct it to more than one person.Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 13 of 14 Section 1.8: Revising an Existing Form Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by:1.8 REVISING AN EXISTING FORM There are many things to see when revising a signifier: ? Previous signifiers will be considered to be disused? Previous editions of signifiers can be used until there are no more left. Companies can utilize the older signifiers until there are no more left before showing a new form. ? Existing stocks which include the signifier figure and edition day of the month can be used. The now disused signifiers, will be replaced by new 1s, but the signifier Numberss and editions day of the months will be transferred on to the new signifiers. Policies and Procedure Guidelines Page 14 of 14 Section 1.9: Replacing Existing Forms with Different Numbers Effective day of the month: March 6, 1997 Issued by: Approved by:1.9 REPLACING EXISTING FORMS WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS? You foremost have to replace the signifier Numberss and edition day of the months which are now considered to be obsolete. ? Alternatively of replacing the figure and day of the months right off, you can delay until there are no more signifiers left and so do the alterations to the new signifiers.

Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essays

Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essays Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essay Prestige Telephone Company Essay Essay 1. Identify the costs that are relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Servicess: Relevant costs in the analysis by Prestige Telephone Company determination to stop Prestige Data Services include: fixed costs which must be absorbed by the parent company ( Prestige Telephone ) upon shutdown ; outstanding Prestige Data Services debts ; costs of retraining maintained employees ; costs associated with outsourcing informations services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Services ; chance cost of utilizing infinite rented to Prestige Data Services ; selling costs attributed to geting extra Prestige Data Services clients ; costs of increasing promotional activities of Prestige Data Services. In add-on. Prestige Telephone Company should see the qualitative cost of reduced employee morale which may ensue upon closure of Prestige Data Services. Care costs 2. Justify why each of the costs in point 1 is relevant: The costs listed supra are all relevant because they each vary with the shutdown determination. ? Fixed costs which must be absorbed by the parent company ( Prestige Telephone ) upon shutdown: Payroll. charge. aggregations. and other corporate services were provided by Prestige Telephone in return for an sum from Data Services based on rewards and wages. These fixed costs allocated to Prestige Data Services must now be accounted for by the parent company.? Costss of retraining employees: If employees are retained by Prestige Telephone. rewards and wages that were antecedently incurred by the Data Services line will hit Prestige Telephone’s budget. Besides. new accomplishments will be required of employees retained by the company every bit good as attach toing preparation disbursals.? Costss associated with outsourcing informations services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Servicess: Prestige Telephone will still necessitate the services Prestige Data Services supply and therefore will necessitate to outsource them. Since Prestige Telephone was utilizing a monetary value cap based on estimated informations use in 1999. they were efficaciously acquiring discounted informations service rates from the subordinate. If Data Services is shut down. the company might incur much higher service disbursals.? The care cost is relevant because if Data Services is shut down the company will no longer incur this costs. therefore it needs to be considered as a cost the parent company can extinguish.? Opportunity cost of utilizing infinite rented to Prestige Data Servicess: If Prestige Telephone decides to close down the Data Services Company. the parent company will lose the $ 8000 monthly rental fee paid by the current subordinate. Additionally. Prestige Telephone must see the chance cost of leasing the infinite to another company or service that may supply them with more income.? If Prestige Data Services is shut down. selling costs attributed to geting extra Prestige Data Services clients and promotional activities will no longer be necessary.? Termination of Prestige Data Services employees as a consequence of shut down may cut down the morale of any maintained employees or employees of the parents company. Prestige might see reduced productiveness or increased turnover as a consequence. 3. Identify the costs that are NOT relevant to the analysis to stopPrestige Data Servicess: Costss non relevant to the determination are done for costs such as the costs of developing Prestige Data Service employees. investings in the IT substructure. and any owned Prestige Data Services Equipment. In add-on. the fixed part of the electricity costs is non relevant. Depreciation costs are besides non relevant. The rentals for computing machine equipment are non-cancelable and therefore may be considered sunk costs because Data Services is expected to cover the costs associated with the rentals prior to being shutdown. However if Prestige Data Services is unable to pay off the rentals. these costs will go relevant because the parent company. Prestige Telephone would be responsible for debts owed. 4. Justify why each of the costs in point 3 is NOT relevantFixed cost: Costss of equipment and fixtures are incurred whether or non Prestige Data Service continues to run. Even if the subordinate company is shut down. these fixed costs must still be taken into consideration. Some costs. such as electricity. whether used or non. will be charged for a certain basic sum every month and hence should non be considered relevant. Depreciation is non relevant because cost of equipment is a sunk cost. There is no important salvage value for the equipment. 5. Identify the grosss that are relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Servicess: Grosss relevant to the analysis to stop the operation are commercial gross revenues gross which includes computing machine usage and other. 6. Justify why the grosss in point 5 are relevant:The grosss in point 5 differ across options. In other words. these grosss are straight tied to Prestige Data Services. If the production capacity of Prestige Data Services decreases to zero. all the gross ensuing from these operations will besides diminish to $ 0. which decreases the subsidiary’s part to its parent company. 7. Identify the grosss that are NOT relevant to the analysis to stop Prestige Data Services. The gross of Prestige Telephone and the gross from intercompany Gross saless are non relevant to the determination. 8. Justify why the grosss in point 7 are NOT relevant.As we explained in point 6. all grosss from Prestige Data Services will alter depending on the determination. As the production capacity is varied. all the grosss will change. These alterations show the expected overall consequence on net income. Gross at Prestige Telephone will non change based on the determination to close down Prestige Data Services because Prestige Telephone’s gross is non tied to the operations of the subordinate. From the position of the Parent Company. Intercompany Gross saless are a gross watercourse for the subordinate. but an equal cost to the Parent. therefore it doesn’t impact the balance sheet of the parent company. 9. Is Prestige Data Services truly a job to the parent company. Justify your reply. Prestige Data Service is non a job to the parent company. This is chiefly because: - Prestige Telephone will necessitate to absorb Prestige Data’s relevant fixed costs.- Prestige Telephone will hold to pay higher rates for services antecedently provided by Prestige Data Services. Regardless of possible sunk costs such as equipment rentals ( $ 95. 000 ) . Prestige Data Service positively contributes to the parent company. Additionally. if Prestige Data Services were to bear down Prestige Telephone the same rates ( $ 800 per service hr ) it charges for commercial services. the company would non be runing at a loss. If these commercial rates are considered competitory so the subordinate is salvaging its parent money. Furthermore. there are several schemes that can be implemented to increase the concern value of Prestige Data Services. such as cut downing computing machine use. 10. Fix monthly income statements for January. February. and March which back up your reply to item 9.

Envs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Envs - Essay Example The product is cooked in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils which may contain partially hydrogenated soybean oil and/or partially hydrogenated corn oil and/or partially hydrogenated canola oil and/or cottonseed oil and/or sunflower oil and/or corn oil). Mc Donald’s french fries also contain derivatives of wheat and dairy. I used to eat McDonald’s french fries every week, sometimes even more especially when I hang out with my friends more often than usual. However, I have recently come across a number of articles claiming that McDonald’s french fries contain a considerable amount of trans-fat oil and so I have limited my consumption of the product since then. However, the rest of the world still apparently enjoys eating McDonald’s french fries as millions of pounds of the product are being consumed everyday. This probably explains, in part, the health issues faced by the world’s population since a small pack of french fries could amount to 250 calories, 13 grams of fat with 2.5 grams of that being saturated fat, and 140mg of sodium. The unknown composition of â€Å"natural flavorings† is likewise seemingly not a concern for Mc Donald’s french fries consumers. McDonald’s is apparently among the leaders in the industry when it comes to environmentally-conscious policies. The company website mentions that all of McDonald’s bags, tray liners and cup carriers are made from 100 percent recycled paper while packaging of hot foods including french fries are made from cartons or paper packaging made from 72% recycled paper. In addition, a decrease in the cardboard weight of corrugated containers and the introduction of larger shipping containers during product transport has helped minimize the amount of packaging materials required by McDonalds. Also, the company is employing the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Dispose program which aims to decrease wastage as much as possible.

Ey world islamic banking competitiveness Term Paper

Ey world islamic banking competitiveness - Term Paper Example This will translate to a total of approximately $6.1 trillion by 2018. The major driver for this growth is internationalization of the banking system. This will bring in new challenges to the Islamic financial system. The major challenge posed by this growth is the adjustment of operating models, propositions, systems and tools in order to comprehend and fully capitalize on international financial opportunities. The future growth of the Islamic banks will be characterized by quality services and more access to the customer in the global markets. Many Islamic banks are already in the process of improving or replacing their core banking activities in order to adopt improved operations for a globalized banking sector. This will make them able to serve the global markets not just being constrained to the Islamic countries. The transformation program that will see the Islamic banks expand beyond the jurisdictions of Islamic countries will be enhanced by revenue growth, cost improvement, and dedicated leadership. Currently, several Islamic banks have been doubling in size every four years. However, the banks have faced capability constraints with shareholder returns dropping by up to 19 percent. Nonetheless, there are efforts being made to introduce Islamic banking to other non-Arab countries, especially in Africa; notably Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi and Zimbabwe. The growth has also been facilitated by the ongoing rebalancing of the global economy and increased tendencies to shift global markets eastwards for economic growth. There have been regime and reform changes in different developing markets as well as internet and mobile banking technologies. The latter has made Islamic banking more efficient because customers have an improved access to banking services. The article under review also summarizes the global distribution of banking assets under the Islamic banking system. Qatar, Indonesia and Saudi

Courage Cowardice Bravery

Courage Cowardice Bravery ‘Private Peaceful: a critical study. The theme of bravery is contrasted with cowardice. Discuss. ‘Courage and ‘cowardice words that adorn the front cover of the book: ‘Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo and it is this theme that I intend to examine. Throughout the novel bravery is contrasted with that of cowardice and although they represent opposite ends of the spectrum, at times it proves impossible to untangle one from the other and we are left in a state of confusion as to the exact meaning of these terms. When we stop to consider bravery and cowardice it is invariably in the physical form bravery, where a person bodily performs a spectacular feat without hesitation or fear that they themselves may suffer harm; cowardice where a person is too afraid to move or act in a confrontational situation. Throughout the novel we are presented with many examples of this type of bravery and cowardice, which I will expand on later. However, bravery and cowardice can also be considered from a moral perspective. Moral heroism is when a staunch and resolute stance is taken, irrespective of the views of others, whilst moral cowardice is where a person is too frightened or weak to disobey or even question authority. Morpurgo fails to give us his definition of the terms cowardice and bravery and as I have already stated, at times it proves difficult to unravel and disentangle the two. The novel Private Peaceful is a poignant story of a young soldier who is reminiscing about his life. The novel which yo-yos between the present and the past, is written in the first person narrative through Tommos eyes (one of the protagonists), and to begin with we have a childs perspective whilst at the end, it is a young adult being reflective. Dramatic art is used in a simplistic manner to create a powerful and heart rending story. Morpurgos handling of bravery and cowardice is not prejudiced by the fact that the book will be read by schoolchildren as well as adults. The regiments camp is a pitiful place perched on the edge of ‘no-mans-land and it is through the use of imagery that the horrendous squalor and rancid conditions that the soldiers had to endure in the trenches and dugouts are vividly depicted. We acknowledge that men who are able to survive such conditions are undeniably brave soldiers. Indeed, Morpurgo manages to convey the terror and ferocity of warfare witho ut the need to be too explicit when detailing the carnage; all of which would be unsuitable for the younger readers. The novel makes compelling reading through our ability to become emotionally involved with the characters. It is through our ability to empathise that we can start to decipher the irony of bravery and cowardice depicted within the novel. The novel is full of emotion and atmosphere where Tommo is determined to recall every incident that has happened to him. The reader is left to ponder the relevance and importance of such a need and it is during this vigil that the concepts of bravery and cowardice as established, bureaucratic principles are exposed and discussed. The novel ends with a poignant postscript which highlights the plight of 290 British and Commonwealth soldiers who were court-martialled and sentenced to death by execution for alleged cowardice. It would appear that no humanitarian rationale (such as these soldiers being traumatised by the ravages of war), has been taken into consideration and therefore it could be contested that they had received an unfair trial. It also highlights the British governments failure to award posthumous pardons to these soldiers. The inclusion of this postscript establishes the books political agenda and the significance of Charlies story and unwarranted capital punishment. Mo rpurgo has developed a juxtaposed situation where a hero has been produced only to be executed by his own regiment for cowardice. The notion of people dying in war to no avail emulates the harsh cynicism of the war poet Wilfred Owen who wrote: â€Å"The old Lie; Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori†. (War Poems Manuscripts of Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est) In the novel, one of the protagonists is shot, not during combat, but at the mercy of those he has stood shoulder to shoulder with on the battlefield. This gives a harrowing and heart rending effect to this cynicism. For many people, death in war is irrational and pointless but death by those that are on your own side is absurd. Throughout Owens poem, ‘The Hero, contempt for the notion of ‘devotion to duty, is interspersed with a harsh but realistic representation of life on the frontline. Another World War One poet who shares the same sentiments as Owen, is that of Siegfried Sassoon. Likewise, there are similarities between his wartime experiences and those found in this novel. Sassoon, single-handed seized a German trench, was decorated with medals for bravery and sustained war injuries. He defied orders to return to the war zone following his recovery from injury but, unlike Charlie Peaceful, Sassoon was fortunate enough not to be court-martialled; instead he was sent to a hospital to recuperate. Ideological parallels exist between Sassoon and Morpurgos views on bravery and cowardice where both men can be considered to have a contemptuous attitude with regard to patriotism. The novel exposes how many people, automatically associate death during wartime with the concept of heroism. It stems from the notion that soldiers die whilst defending their country and family. However, it is the fear of cowardice that impels Tommo to sign up to go to war. The old womans teasing makes him resolute: â€Å"I had to prove myself. I had to prove myself to myself† (p.103), only to realize and discover that war has very little to do with bravery. When Charlie and Tommo pass another regiment returning from the front line, they do not consider them as victorious heroes but â€Å"haunted and hunted† (p.124) individuals. Whilst on patrol duty in the trenches, Tommo remarks that courage is not about heroic acts but instead, possessing the skill not to show your fear (p.127). He even acknowledges that the Germans are â€Å"are brave too. They do not falter† (p.140). Morpurgo does recognise and acknowledge that soldiers out on the battlefield are brave, but he proposes that true heroism manifests itself through camaraderie. After a successful attack, Tommo remarks: â€Å"I feel a surge of triumph inside me, not because we have won, but because I have stood with the others.†(p.140). It can be considered that by the time we finish the novel, Tommo fulfils his need to be brave, but this is achieved not through strength of mind and character, but instead by a betrayal of those in charge and a breaking of his inner spirit: â€Å"taken away our spirit, drained the last of our strength, destroyed our hope† (p.161). Although it is important to be able to identify the difference between ‘institutionalised bravery and a persons heroic action, the concept of bravery and cowardice becomes increasingly problematic as the novel progresses. Morpurgo fails to actually define the terms bravery and cowardice but instead opts to expose their complexities through the two protagonists, Charlie and Tommo. The two brothers personify two juxtaposed characters where Charlie is motivated by courage and impetuosity, whereas Tommo is constrained by fear and restraint. These contrasting roles are implanted from the very onset of the novel as we learn about the brothers experiences from childhood through to life in the war zone. The novel allows us to make an analogy between the terrors that Tommo suffers when he attends school for the first time, to that which he experiences on the frontline. Tommo fails to differentiate between the two feelings and repeatedly equates being afraid with that of being a coward which will result in subsequent disgrace. For him it is impossible to demarcate between acceptable anxiety and irrational fear. The start of the novel informs us about the apprehensiveness of Tommo on his first day at school along with the considered concerns of loss of innocence and change (p.8). We understand Tommo to be a shy, thoughtful and pensive person. A shy temperament is not indicative of a coward, but Tommo is powerless to interpret and comprehend it in any other way, because it is always in contrast with Charlies. As readers we progressively realize that the concept that determines a heroic action or decides whether a person can be classified as being ‘brave is down to individual perception. : Tommo perceives Charlie as â€Å"the bravest brother in the world† (p.24), whilst he sees himself as being plagued by fear. Tommo is under the delusion that having the self assurance to confront a person or problem is equivalent to bravery, especially as this is the mode that Charlies bravery takes. Tommo admires and commends Charlie for not only confronting, but also for defying authority at school, he goes head-to-head with Jimmy Parsons in the school playground, brazenly admits to the Colonels face that he stole his foxhound, and he is insubordinate when he defies Sergeant Hanley. This impulsiveness and impetuosity is balanced by Charlies feelings of dignity and pride, as exemplified by his honourable silences when caned by Mr Munnings (p.24) or smiling at Tommo as he displayed fortitude during the punishment inflicted by Sergeant Hanley (p.118). These inner qualities originate from Charlie‘s self determination, fortitude and will-power, as well as from his moral principles. His moral judgements and beliefs as to what is right and wrong often underlie his actions and behaviour. Repeatedly we see Charlie protecting the victim or underdog Bertha the old bloodhound, Big Joe his autistic brother, Molly the girl he loves and of course Tommo who causes his final demise. Charlies execution is the result of his refusal to leave his wounded brother on the battle-field, as well as for openly refuting Sergeant Hanleys orders. Charlie considered Hanleys orders to be imprudent and irrational, so he chose to defy them (p.172). Throughout the novel it is apparent how Tommo has great admiration for his brave brother in whose â€Å"glow† (p.127) he lives in; but as a reader it is important in addition, to consider ones own perspective of bravery. Tommo lacks Charlies impetuosity, recklessness and die-hard temperament and it is these traits that Tommo is in awe of. Tommo believes that these qualities, which he himself lacks, are what makes his brother brave. Charlies impulsiveness is always judged as being a positive quality never negative. It is this acceptance of Charlies bravery without any questioning, which echoes his reticence and powerlessness to make a distinction as to whether his own actions are brave or cowardly. When Jimmy Parsons calls Big Joe names, Tommy: â€Å"discovered that sometimes youve got to stand up for yourself and fight for whats right, even when you dont want to.† (p.22). Tommo fails to recognise that this stance that he took was a brave action. Although Tommo perpetually manages to conquer his early qualms and insecurities, throughout the novel, he fails to acknowledge or give recognition to his achievements. The novel opens with Tommo fearing school but no reference is made to this again, and similarly when he finally plucks up courage to take off all his clothes to go swimming in Okement Pool, or after he manages to talk to Anna from the estaminet, there is no acceptance that he has been courageous. Similarly, even though he has managed to overcome these fears, Tommo never considers himself as brave for even when he is victorious on the battle field, he views it pessimistically. Tommo believes his actions are defying cowardice as opposed to an act of bravery: â€Å"I feel a surge of triumph welling inside me, not because we have won, but because I have stood with the others. I have not run.† (p.140) Tommo fails to accept that he consciously made the decision to stay rather than abscond. Tommo has no self esteem and no confidence in his own abilities. Our observations of Tommo as a coward, is for the most part, at his own admission. Tommos perception and interpretation of his own fear as being that of a coward has been primarily shaped by a harrowing incident, where fear of death made his legs freeze and â€Å"incapable of movement† (p.14). The result was that Tommos father demonstrated the ultimate act of bravery by surrendering his own personal life for his son. When a falling tree is about to crush Tommo, James Peaceful manages to reach the child and push him out of the way, crushing him instead. Tommo blames himself for his fathers death because he was too afraid to move when danger loomed and he has shown more cowardice by not being brave enough to tell anyone the exact circumstances to his fathers death. Nevertheless, fear for Tommo metamorphoses from a weakness to an indispensable asset, as exemplified when he is on sentry duty in the trenches. It is fe ar that gives Tommo the power to stay awake all night and in doing so, it transforms into a strength. Ultimately, the novel is as much Tommos tragedy as Charlies. Charlies heroic temperament and innate bravery is scarred by being found guilty and convicted of cowardice. On the other hand, Tommos introspective temperament is shattered, and although he is involved in heroic feats they are not perceived as being brave because they come from hopelessness (p.163). When Tommo contemplates deserting even his â€Å"courage to be a coward had evaporated† (p.161). Indeed, Tommos perceptions of bravery do not coincide with the mundane concepts of bravery. We have already noted that he regards staying with his battalion as cowardly compliance. Tommo, on the other hand, considers that desertion would represent true bravery because it necessitates insubordination to authority coupled with courage for any punitive reprisals that may be inflicted. Morpurgo infers, without overtly stating, that cowards are not those that are afraid, which is how Tommo misguidedly perceives it, but, are those that prey on the weak and take advantage of their vulnerability. In the novel, the cowards are: the colonel who would have no reservations about evicting a widow and her three children and threatens to shoot a harmless old dog, an aunt that maltreats a child with learning difficulties, a vindictive sergeant who intimidates and persecutes his troops to attain power. So who are the true heroes of the novel? These can be identified as Charlie, Tommo, Mother, Molly and Sergeant Wilke, all of whom were committed to shielding those who were more vulnerable than themselves. The novels underlying message on individual bravery is implicit from the first page. When Tommo nervously sets off to school for the first time, Charlie takes him by the hand and reassures him that all will be alright and it is Molly who helps restore self confidence when she shows him how to tie his shoelaces. Morpurgo illustrates how friendship and camaraderie are the essential ingredients to conquer fear and generate bravery. The nursery rhyme ‘Oranges and Lemons, is a theme which surfaces when there is a dilemma or a situation of conflict. When sung it unites families, friends and troops who are all trying to overcome fear in the face of adversity. Within the novel, bravery and cowardice are presented as a paradox. We are left to decide whether it is braver to conform, obey rules and orders and so become a model soldier or whether it is braver to listen to and follow ones own inner beliefs. Charlie and Tommo represent each of the questions, Tommo the first and Charlie the second. However, throughout the novel both brothers exhibit their own mode of bravery and neither can be considered a coward. This corroborates the belief that how a person perceives bravery and cowardice is personal and does not follow an institutionalized ideal. In the end, Tommo survives not through fearlessness but because he has promises to keep and a family to protect. This brave view is in marked contrast to the Tommo we met at the start of the novel who was weak and afraid. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Morpurgo, M. (2003), Private Peaceful, HarperCollins Private Peaceful by Michael Morpurgo www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/secondary/keystage3/downloads/en_novel_privatepeaceful.doc (Accessed on 23rd February) Private Peaceful, (Durrington High School) http://www.tes.co.uk/resources/Resource.aspx?resourceId=473sitestat=resourcebank.from.search_results (Accessed on 23rd February) The Thin Line Between Bravery and Cowardice in the Things They Carried www.researchover.com/termpaper/The_Thin_Line_Between_Br (Accessed on 23rd February) War Poems Manuscripts of Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est, http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/warpoems.htm#12 (Accessed on 23rd February) http://www.quotationsbook.com/quote/7973/ (Accessed on 11th March) http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/003321.php(Accessed on 11th March)

Answer pastpaper

Answer all the questions. Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question. Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity is needed, use 10 m s-2. The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate. You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.The total number of marks for this paper is 50. Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying larger numbers of marks later in the paper. This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 A car of mass 700 kg is travelling along a straight horizontal road. The resistance to motion is constant and equal to 600 N. (i) Find the driving force of the car's engine at an instant when the acceleration is 2 m s-2. Given that the car's speed at this instant is 15 m s-l , car's engine is working. find the rate at which theA load of mass 1250 kg is raised by a crane from rest on horizontal ground, to rest at a height of 1. 54 m above the ground. The work done against the resistance to motion is 5750 J. (i) Find the work done by the crane. (it) Assuming the power output of the crane is constant and equal to 1. 25 kW, find the time taken to raise the load. 3 q 15. 5 N A small smooth ring R of weight 8. 5 N is threaded on a light inextensible string. The ends of the string are attached to fixed points A and B, with A vertically above B. A horizontal force of magnitude 15. 5 N acts on R so that the ring is in equilibrium with ngle ARB = 900 .The part AR of the string makes an angle B with the horizontal and the part BR makes an angle B with the vertical (see diagram). The tension in the string is T N. Sho w that T sin 12 and T cos B = 3. 5 and hence find B . [6] 4 A block of mass 11 kg is at rest on a rough plane inclined at 300 to the horizontal. A force acts on the block in a direction up the plane parallel to a line of greatest slope. When the magnitude of the force is 2X N the block is on the point of sliding down the plane, and when the magnitude of the force is 9X N the block is on the point of liding up the plane.

Racial Identity Development Essay

I am an Asian and I am from a prominent region of the continent—Hong Kong. When I am abroad, I become a lesser equal of other people especially the citizens of the country where I am visiting. I become deprived of several powers and privileges for a variety of reasons. For the most part, racial differences take a big role in stripping non-citizens of any country of a number of powers and privileges. Others see my race as inferior to their own race which, in effect, puts me in a lower social position. Gender and ethnicity are two other factors which contribute to the inequalities mentioned. I am a male and I personally do not believe in gods. Because of those traits, it is personally difficult on my part to be involved in social groups and enjoy certain privileges that people with strong religious affiliations can enjoy. However, I have observed that there are still influences of male dominance. Since I am a male, I am still able to have an advantage over females in many ways, from physical endurance to the capacity to perform physical work over a longer duration. I think I am in the stage of â€Å"pseudo-independence† because I have experienced racial oppression in many ways, from simple to complex ones. I am still trying to understand the differences that people have, including race, gender and ethnicity. I believe I have been able to progress from the stage of â€Å"reintegration† because I have gone past acknowledging the supremacy of the White race. In the past, I have been slightly intolerant towards people who belong to other races. I viewed my Asian heritage as far more superior than the rest during those days. However, I have come to know that there are generally perceived privileges given to the Euro-American race. I believe that, as of now, I only have the conceptual knowledge about the sociopolitical aspects of different races. In the coming days, I am looking forward to actually experiencing these things and encounter how it feels like to actually fight racial bias, prejudice and discrimination even in my own little ways. The impact of the generally accepted perception of White supremacy and the inferiority of other races on my self is that I am unable to fully become an autonomous individual. Everywhere I go, I am confined to how the White race has perpetuated the idea that to be White is to have better access to various social services and privileges. Whenever I hear the news about Asians being heavily scrutinized in airports out of suspicion of being a terrorist, I cannot help but think about how White people are exempted from that security routine in many places. The status quo where the White race is perceived as the better race indeed have far reaching consequences to myself and to others. Sometimes, I even wish that I belonged to the White race so that I can get rid of the racial prejudices and biases. My current perception towards â€Å"the other† or those people who are not Asians is that they are partly intolerant of my own race. Although not all people profess and practice racial intolerance, I think there are individuals living in the world who either fear or disgust my race. The society has constructed the very idea of White supremacy and, as a result, other races like the Asian race had to endure living in a world where they are the â€Å"lesser† equal. In Hong Kong, there is still that construed image Westerners as people who frequently travel to far places such as ours and spend their resources just to enjoy some of life’s finest luxuries. They see White people as wealthy and, therefore, as individuals who have the power and privilege to relax and indulge in what Hong Kong can offer. Johnson’s concept of stubborn ounces reminds us that we should not take for granted the little efforts that we do (Johnson). No matter how small my efforts can be to push back the causes and effects of racial bias, prejudice and discrimination, they still serve their own little purposes. I think that my goal of at least being free from all thoughts of racial intolerance can be fulfilled with the help of what other people may see as â€Å"stubborn ounces†. I can try every day to get closer to people who are of a different race such as Latin Americans and even Europeans. I can smile at them whenever I walk in front of them or wave a hand at them as simple gesture of kindness. These â€Å"ounces†, when put together, can turn into a huge chunk of effort in giving my own share towards a world free from racial intolerance. Like the monopoly game, our society sometimes rewards those who have the greed for wealth and power. However, the game also contains what Johnson considers as â€Å"paths of least resistance†; these â€Å"paths† are acceptable ways of behaving in the society. Since entering college, I have learned that we should try to reach out to other people who may or may not be of the same race as ours. Instead of avoiding or hating one another, we should strive to respect each other and tolerate our differences as if there were none at all. Because society sometimes rewards the greedy, we should strive to change that social system and replace it with a better one. However, it does not mean that we should take actions that stray away from the rules. Rather, we should take the paths of least resistance and consider every ounce of effort as part of the larger picture. Indeed, it is entirely better if part of the collective ideological pursuit of removing racial intolerance comes from those who are perceived to be perpetuating it such as Whites and Europeans. Since entering college, my understanding of the broad concept of race has widened. Yet I know that it does not end there because the greater challenge lies in real life situations.

Topography, an ABA Term to Help Describe Behavior

Topography is a term used in applied behavior analysis (ABA) to describe behavior—specifically what behavior looks like. Topography defines behavior in an operational way, free of the coloration of values or expectation. By describing the topography of behavior, you avoid many of the problematic terms that find their way into definitions of behaviors. Disrespect, for example, is more often a reflection of the teachers reaction than the students intent. By contrast, the phrase refusing to comply with a direction would be a topographical description of the same behavior. The Importance of Topography Clearly defining the topography of behavior is especially important for creating appropriate interventions for children whose disabilities are in part defined by behavior, such as emotional and behavioral disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. Teachers and administrators without extensive experience or training in dealing with behavioral disabilities often overreact and create more problems by focusing on the social constructs surrounding misbehavior without observing the actual behavior. When they do so, these educators are focusing on the  function of a behavior  rather than its topography. The function of a behavior describes why the behavior occurs, or the purpose of the behavior; whereas, the topography of the behavior describes its form. Describing the topography of the behavior is much more objective—you are simply stating objectively what happened. The function of the behavior tends to be much more subjective—you are trying to explain why a student exhibited a certain behavior. Topography Versus Function Topography and function represent two very different ways of describing a behavior. For example, if a child throws a tantrum, to explain the topography of the behavior, it would not be enough for a teacher to simply say the child threw a tantrum. A topographical definition might state: The child threw herself on the floor, and kicked and screamed in a high-pitched voice. The child did not make physical contact with other individuals, furniture, or other items in the environment. The functional description, by contrast, would be open to interpretation: Lisa became angry, swung her arms and tried to strike other children and the teacher while screaming in that high-pitched voice she often uses. Each description could be defined as a tantrum, but the former contains only what the observer saw, whereas the latter includes interpretation. It is not possible to know, for example, that a child intended to injure others through a topographical description, but paired with an  antecedent, behavior, consequence (ABC)  observation, you may be able to determine the function of the behavior. It is often helpful to have several professionals observe the same behaviors and then provide both functional and topographical descriptions. By observing the antecedent—what happens immediately before the behavior occurred—and determining the function of the behavior as well as describing its topography, you gain additional insights into the behavior that you are observing. By combining these two methods—decribing the topography of a behavior and determining its function—educators and behavior specialists can help chose a replacement behavior and create an intervention, known as a  behavior intervention plan. Loaded Descriptions Versus Topography To truly understand how topography might describe a behavior, it can be helpful to look at loaded (emotionally tinged) descriptions of a given behavior versus topographical descriptions (objective observations).  Behavioral Learning Solutions  offers this method of comparing the two: Loaded Description Topography Sally got angry and started throwing items during circle time trying to hit others with the items. The student threw items or released items from her hand. Marcus is making progress and, when prompted, can say â€Å"buh† for bubbles. The student can make the vocal sound â€Å"buh† Karen, happy as always, waved goodbye to her teacher. The student waved or moved her hand from side to side. When asked by an assistant to put away the blocks, Joey got mad again and threw the blocks at the assistant trying to hit her. The student threw blocks on the floor. Guidelines for Topography of a Behavior When describing the topography of a behavior: Avoid value-laden descriptions, such as good, best, and bad.Describe as much of the behavior as you can in as objective a manner as possible.Ask another professional to observe the behavior and review the topographical description.Set aside time to observe the behavior more than once.   The topography of a behavior may also be referred to as the operational definition of behavior.